B1

Contrast with expectation: obwohl, trotzdem, trotz

Show that an obstacle does not prevent an action. Obwohl introduces a subordinate clause; trotzdem links a main clause; trotz is followed by a noun phrase.

Obwohl Lea müde ist, lernt sie weiter means that being tired would normally make continuing less likely, but she continues. Obwohl sends the conjugated verb to the end of its clause.

Lea ist müde. Trotzdem lernt sie weiter expresses the same contrast with two main clauses. When trotzdem comes first, the conjugated verb comes second. Compare this with the subordinate-clause order after obwohl.

Trotz des Staus uses a noun phrase instead of a complete clause. This topic practises standard written genitive after trotz: des Regens, der Kälte. Dative also occurs in usage; the exercises explicitly request genitive.

An initial subordinate clause counts as the first position of the main clause: Obwohl es regnet, gehen wir hinaus. If the subordinate clause comes last, keep normal main-clause order: Wir gehen hinaus, obwohl es regnet.

FormBeispiel
obwohl + NebensatzObwohl es regnet, gehen wir hinaus.
trotzdem + HauptsatzEs regnet. Trotzdem gehen wir hinaus.
trotz + GenitivTrotz des Regens gehen wir hinaus.
GegenerwartungEin Hindernis verhindert die Handlung nicht.

Examples

Obwohl Lea müde ist, lernt sie weiter.

Although Lea is tired, she carries on studying.

Ist ends the obwohl-clause.

Lea ist müde. Trotzdem lernt sie weiter.

Lea is tired. Nevertheless, she carries on studying.

Lernt comes immediately after initial trotzdem.

Trotz des Staus kommen wir pünktlich an.

Despite the traffic jam, we arrive on time.

Des Staus is genitive after trotz.

Wir gehen spazieren, obwohl es regnet.

We go for a walk although it is raining.

The subordinate clause can follow the main clause.

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