A2

Reflexive verbs: mich or mir?

A reflexive expression refers back to the subject: Ich wasche mich. Some verbs need a reflexive pronoun as part of their usual construction, such as sich interessieren für. The case depends on the construction.

In Ich wasche mich, the person doing the washing is also the person being washed: mich is accusative. In Ich wasche mir die Hände, die Hände is already the accusative object; mir is dative and identifies whose hands are being washed. This pattern does not mean that every reflexive verb automatically changes to dative whenever another noun appears.

The contrast is visible with ich and du: mich/mir, dich/dir. Third-person forms use sich in both cases; wir uses uns and ihr uses euch. Formal Sie also uses sich: Bitte setzen Sie sich.

Learn the whole expression: sich freuen auf + accusative for looking forward to something; sich erinnern an + accusative for remembering; sich interessieren für + accusative for being interested in something. These prepositions introduce a separate complement and do not change mich into mir in these examples.

A separable verb keeps its normal sentence structure: Ich melde mich an. With a modal: Ich möchte mich anmelden. Do not translate each reflexive pronoun as “myself” in English: Ich interessiere mich für Musik means “I am interested in music”.

PersonAkkusativDativ
ichmichmir
dudichdir
er / sie / essichsich
wirunsuns
ihreucheuch
sie / Siesichsich

Examples

Ich wasche mich vor der Arbeit.

I wash myself before work.

The whole person is the accusative object: mich.

Ich wasche mir die Hände.

I wash my hands.

Die Hände is accusative; mir is dative and refers to the same person as ich.

Wir freuen uns auf den Urlaub.

We are looking forward to the holiday.

Wir needs uns. Auf den Urlaub identifies what we look forward to.

Mia meldet sich für den Kurs an.

Mia registers for the course.

The subject is Mia, so sich; anmelden separates into meldet … an.

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